Implementing a Flexible Work Schedule

Flexible work schedules provide employees options regarding their working schedules for standard work week (Monday-Friday). These options include working from home (on occasion) to working a compacted amount of hours within the work week, limiting the amount of days in which the employee has to come into the office. Flexible work schedules are usually implemented with the intention of allowing employers the opportunity to have a well-balanced lifestyle between home and work. The primary or most popular work option chosen is flex-time (Russell H. O'Connell, 2009). Flex-time allows employees to negotiate there hours within the limits of management. Another option is a compressed work week which means that you have worked your 40 hours in less than the standard 5 days. An option that is becoming popular for industries that are technology focused if call job-sharing. Job-sharing allows employees to divide the work load between two employees, which gives each employee the flexibility of working virtually or from different parts of the country (Russell H. O'Connell, 2009). And then there is telecommuting, means that employees can complete their work time obligations from the leisure of their homes or a preferred location. The following Chart provides is a brief description of the flexible work options: A work schedule that condenses one or more standard workweeks into fewer, longer days. A work schedule with variable starting and ending times, within limits set by one's supervisor/manager. Employees still work the same number of scheduled hours as they would under a traditional arrangement. An arrangement in which two or more part-time (or occasional) employees share the responsibilities of one full-time job at a pro-rated salary. A work schedule that is less than full-time but is at least half of the regularly scheduled full time workweek. A block of time off while retaining one's job. These leaves may be paid or unpaid. A work arrangement in which employees regularly work at home or at an alternative work-site during part or all of a work schedule One assumption that is made by many employers is that allowing or implementing a flexible work schedule allows to retain your employees and maintain a more consistent work force (Pruchno, 2000). According to some, implementing and executing a flexible work schedule can reduce employee turnover, and save companies money in the long run on expenses associated with replacing valuable employees. Pruchno states that the cost associated with employee turnover can add up to 130% of the departing employee's salary (Pruchno, 2000). So for many, implementing flexible work schedules can be seen as a cost saving strategy. Another benefit for implementing a flexible work schedule can be measured by having a more relaxed, engaged, committed and productive employee (Families, 2012). Suzan Lewis wrote in her on implementing a flexible work schedule that, â€Å"both flex-time and compressed workweeks had positive effects on productivity/or self-rated performance, job satisfaction, and satisfaction with work schedules but that absenteeism was affected by ex-time only. â€Å"(Lewis, 2003). It later goes on to suggest that absenteeism had a relationship with the flexibility of the arrangement, where for example the different effects on absenteeism are because compressed work weeks are less flexible and therefore do not allow employees to, for example, make up time lost through illness or other reasons, as flex-time does, which results theoretically in a higher level of absenteeism (Lewis, 2003). The intended impacts and benefits for implementing a flexible work schedule is to balance work and lifestyle issues while increasing job productivity, commitment and employee satisfaction. One study concluded that employees operating under a flexible work scheduled usually demonstrate improved work and lifestyle balances immediately (Russell H. O'Connell, 2009). In fact the study states that â€Å"employees operating under flex-time work schedules displayed a more improved level of work and life balances than their counterparts utilizing traditional fixed-hour schedules. (Russell H. O'Connell, 2009). Now, although the impacts of a flexible work schedules may appear to have primarily positive results, an incorrect execution of this program can cause problems. Overall productivity, depending on the industry, could potentially drop if the wrong program is implemented. Issues related to fairness, can also come into place if the program is not implemented and executed accurately. Most employers and employees agree that the proper implementation of a flexible work schedule can help to maintain a work-life balance and can increase job satisfaction and productivity. However, the potential problems to implementing such a program are usually seen when too many options are made available or when the wrong option is made available without proper research and planning. Companies should know and have a clear understanding of the impacts of each flexible work option. Along with this knowledge, companies should understand the impacts of specific flexible work options on their operations. Flex-time and telecommuting may not work as well in a manufacturing environment as oppose to an office setting. And Job-sharing may not work well for an engineering company, as it works for an IT help desk company. So, companies will need to make sure that they have engaged themselves in a comprehensive planning process to determine the right fit. So, the success of implementing and executing flexible work schedule ideally hinges on the actual option that is implemented. Which means that the success is determined by the type of industry that it is implanted in (office work, operation, manufacturing, etc.); the working environment or culture; and the carefully instituted flexibility of the work option itself? Also, as was highlighted earlier, the degree of flexibility is relatively important as well as it relates to how effective the flexible option can be. An option that is too flexible can yield minimal results in the intended goal of cost savings and employee work and lifestyle improvements. However, an option that that may be considered to be not flexible enough may risks not to be seen by employees as being beneficial and may not yield to intended cost savings. In saying this, to maximize effectiveness in this respect, a medium needs to be found where the arrangement is flexible yet not to an extent that hinders the intended goals and outcomes. The following outline provides some practical steps for planning, implementing and assessing a flexible work schedule (Families, 2012): What impact will flexible time or work location arrangements have on your service to clients? What are the benefits for employees and the organization? What are the potential problems? Can you deal with them? What time, effort and money it will take to make flexible arrangements successful? Is training required to be sure managers and co-workers have the knowledge and skills Ask employees, possibly in a survey, what they want Consult widely – with other organizations, clients, board members, volunteers, staff Review options, consider strengths and weaknesses of these options Develop written policies and procedures for implementation and monitoring Communicate to board, clients, staff, volunteers, public Run a pilot for a trial period and evaluate it Have staff report back on the pilot to provide their feedback Amend and/or extend the program if necessary After the pilot has run, make any modifications or changes to the program Inform staff of new processes and procedures Continue to evaluate the program on a regular basis Solicit feedback from participants, make changes and adapt plan as required This outline provides some basic steps for getting started, putting/implementing an effective plan of action, and evaluating the plan for improvements and adjustments. It also touches on some required elements that will help the company to yield the intended goals and to obtain buy-in from employees and staff. Implementing a flexible work schedule can be very costly and time consuming in the beginning; however, putting together a realistic and comprehensive plan will go a long ways toward assuring effectiveness. Specifically, the best way to ensure an effective implantation and execution of a flexible work schedule is to make sure that the applied flexible work option suits the specific industry. For example, flex-time can be a relatively ineffective arrangement unless it is chosen for the right job. Allowing a school teacher a day off once a week is probably not a good idea if his/her class schedules require that they be in attendance from Monday-Friday. Whereas a data-analyst who works for a software company, could potentially work 10 hours a day for four days a week and can be just as or even more effective than if he/she work eight hours a day five days a week. So, for companies to truly maximize effectiveness in the implementation of a flexible work schedule, the right flexible work option needs to be applied. In conclusion the some of the benefits of implementing flexible work schedule are cost saving, low employee absenteeism, increased employee productivity and work performance. However, these benefits are only yielded if the company implements and executes the right flexible work option. In this report, detailed steps and recommendations have been provided for how companies can successfully implement a flexible work Schedule. To ensure that the intended goals are achieved it is important that companies make sure that they have identified and implemented the right flexible work option(s). They must also make sure that the implementation process is inclusive whereas employees and executive staff members are included, trained and provided an opportunity to provide input in the implementation process. Finally, implementing a flexible work schedule, if done correctly, can do wonders for employee morale and commitment.

Online food ordering system Essay

Abstract: Online food ordering services are websites that feature interactive menus allowing customers to place orders with local restaurants and food cooperatives. Much like ordering consumer goods online, many of these allow customers to keep accounts with them in order to make frequent ordering convenient. A customer will search for a favorite restaurant, choose from available items, and choose delivery or pick-up. Payment can be amongst others by credit card or cash. Description Of webpage 1. About us: This page provides the user the details of the restaurant name , contact details and location of all the restaurants. User login section for registration and can have account details. 2. Cart detail screen: User can add the products to the cart and report the number of products and cost of the each food item will be displayed. 3. Order Screen: Has the details of the food order done by the user. 4. Payment screen: When users pay amount through online using any of the payment type. PROJECT DETAILS: Title: Online Food Ordering Domain: Web Technology Front-end: PHP Script Back-end: MySQL Database Category: PHP/MySQL projects Advantagesof Online food ordering system: 1. Users can order the food without visiting the hotels or restaurants. 2. Users from any location can order the food by looking at the food items and pay in advance or at the time of delivery. 3. Save users time. Conclusion: The online food ordering system will be helpful for the hotels and  restaurants to increase the scope of the business by helping users to give order through online.

Fast food Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fast food - Research Paper Example They carried out this study to understand the perceptions among Latino parents on their role(s) in countering the alarming obesity cases among children (Glassman, Figueroa and Irigoyen, 4-13). This study had a sample representation of twenty-six parents and was conducted in New York City with preschool parents. The parents unanimously agreed that they had a critical role in preventing the obesity problem among their children through proper dietary practices. However, there were also some hindrances to the effectiveness of their fight against obesity through issues of societal pressures, family history and interparental / intergenerational issues as well as the adolescence issues. Therefore, the study would reveal the importance of empowering the parents to fight the obesity menace among the children through such mechanisms as family based interventions which are culturally effective and helping them overcome the hindrances outlined above. From such a study as this, it is clear that t hough the problem has a lot to blame on the actual food taken and thus by extension to the fast food industry, the most to blame over the condition are the particular persons taking the food. For instance, the fast food outlets would not be blamed over the increasing obesity conditions among the kids but rather the parents who take the active role of funding the children to get the food or better still taking them to these outlets for meals. Diet is the major cause of obesity as a fact as illustrated from the above excerpt. Nevertheless, genetic structure within families as well as developmental stages of human beings such as the adolescence has critical contribution to the occurrence of such a condition. It is therefore a justified concern to evaluate the role that fast food, as part of regular diet to many people in the modern society, has played in raising the cases of obesity. The fast foods are blamed on having high levels of saturated fats and calories which are interpreted to contribute greatly to adding weight uncontrollably (Sheehan, para 2). This therefore confirms the fears and blames that people often level on fast food on occurrences of obesity. Research has equally played a major role in supporting the claims on causes of obesity where many such study findings support poor dietary practices to be the major cause of the condition. This however does not totally disregard other influential factors that would equally be blamed on the rising cases of obesity among people, especially the Americans. They are therefore justified to level accusations and blame on fast food as a cause to their weight problems; obesity is such an example. Although it is a well-known fact that fast food is commonly unhealthy, the obesity epidemic in America is not caused by the fast food industry, but rather the individuals that make the conscious choice to dine at these restaurants. Discussion Parents and guardians have a most influential role to pay on the habits that the children pick up as they grow, with diet and eating habits being among them. Good parentage entails setting good examples to the young on such aspects as healthy eating and best joints to hang out in among other responsibilities. In this argument, I stand to refute that the availability fast food joints at the proximity of

Acid base and redox titration of vitamin C Lab Report

Acid base and redox titration of vitamin C - Lab Report Example 1:1 Moles of vitamin C 0.0031938mol Mass of vitamin C 0.564g Percent of vitamin C in the tablet 85.5% Table 2:The table below summarizes the results if the redox reaction experiment Data Trial Mass tablet used 0.67g Molarity of I3- (moles/L) 0.0990mol/l Initial volume of I3- (mL) 4.1 mL Final volume of I3- (mL) 28.6 mL Volume of I3- used 24.5 ml Moles of I3- used 0.0024mol Vitamin C: base molar ratio 1:1 Moles of vitamin C 0.0024mol Mass of vitamin C 0.43 g Percent of vitamin C in the tablet 64.18 % The equations used to find the answers in the trials are written bellow, Equation for table 1 C6H8O6(aq) + NaOH(aq) -> H2O(l) + Na+(aq) + C6H7O6-(aq) Equation for table 2 C6H8O6(aq) + I3-(aq) -> 3 I-(aq) +C6H6O6(aq) + 2H+(aq) Discussion/Conclusion:Chemical properties of substances initiate reactions. The reduction property of vitamin C, for example, is responsible for the chemical’s property to initiate reactions with other chemicals. The acid has a high tendency to donate electron s to other chemicals forming a basis for reactions. Based on stoichiometry and known information of a chemical in reaction with vitamin C, elements such as the number of moles and even mass of vitamin C can be determined from a reaction that can be either an acid base reaction or a redox reaction. The acid base reaction involved sodium hydroxide solution, the base in the reaction, and vitamin C, the acid. The equation for the reaction is given as follows C6H8O6(aq) + NaOH(aq) -> H2O(l) + Na+(aq) + C6H7O6-(aq) Vitamin C was oxidized in the process while sodium hydroxide was reduced. The redox reaction is on the other hand represented by the following equation, C6H8O6(aq) + I3-(aq) -> 3 I-(aq) +C6H6O6(aq) + 2H+(aq) The oxidation reaction is given by the following equation C6H8O6(aq)->C6H6O6(aq)+... Chemical properties of substances initiate reactions. The reduction property of vitamin C, for example, is responsible for the chemical’s property to initiate reactions with other chemicals. The acid has a high tendency to donate electrons to other chemicals forming a basis for reactions. Based on stoichiometry and known information of a chemical in reaction with vitamin C, elements such as the number of moles and even mass of vitamin C can be determined from a reaction that can be either an acid base reaction or a redox reaction. The acid base reaction involved sodium hydroxide solution, the base in the reaction, and vitamin C, the acid. The equation for the reaction is given as follows C6H8O6(aq) + NaOH(aq) -> H2O(l) + Na+(aq) + C6H7O6-(aq) Vitamin C was oxidized in the process while sodium hydroxide was reduced. The redox reaction is on the other hand represented by the following equation, C6H8O6(aq) + I3-(aq) -> 3 I-(aq) +C6H6O6(aq) + 2H+(aq) The oxidation reaction is given by the following equation C6H8O6(aq)->C6H6O6(aq)+ 2H+(aq) The reduction equation is given by I3-(aq) -> 3 I-(aq) From the chemical equation, vitamin C is oxidized while iodine ions are reduced. The accurate titration is the acid base reaction. This is because it offers the same percentage composition as indicated on the vitamin C tablet used. The experiments offered different results. While the redox reaction yielded a percentage composition of 64.19 percent, the acid base reaction yielded 85.5 percent. The difference in the numbers could be due to a number of errors. The first type of error that could have led to the difference is inaccurate measurement of the reactants. Such could occur in measuring readings in the titration process for the redox reactions.

Critically examine the arguments in favour of devising development Essay

Critically examine the arguments in favour of devising development policies which promote pro-poor economic growth - Essay Example Policies that have been used to tackle poverty since 1970s aim at reducing economic poverty by initiating pro-poor growth. Pro-poor growth is as the term suggests is growth on the part of the poor by raising their I ncomes (Ravallion 2003). Pro-poor growth policies are appropriately set to ensure that sustainable growth is achieved. Pro-poor growth policies should be able to cause rapid and sustainable poverty reduction. This can be ensured through allowing the poor people to participate, contribute and benefit. The argument behind such policies is that the involvement of the poor as both facilitators and beneficiaries is crucial because it ensures long-term growth and sustainable poverty reduction. For the policies to be effective, however, they should deal with all dimensions of poverty including environment and gender. Achievements in any of the dimensions are influenced by achievements in the others. This means that tackling one dimension of poverty cannot reduce poverty as others will curtail progress (Hausmann, Dani & Andres 2006). The policies should also empower the poor so as to ensure that they will not slip back to poverty in the future. If the policies fail in this respect, then the poor will remain poor ev en with considerable growth in the overall economy. All the processes involved in pro-poor growth should be transparent and accountable to be able to serve the interests of the poor successfully. Sustainable pro-poor growth will help the over three billion people who hardly get their basic need. Pro-poor policies are believed to be effective in that they tend to target the root causes of poverty (gender inequality, limited asset base, and lack of education among others). Initiating pro-poor growth is not possible without identifying and analyzing the major causes of poverty. All stakeholders in government agencies and private sectors have been in the front line to ensure that problems causing poverty are

Health Policy Values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Policy Values - Essay Example This paper intends to describe my personal values and believes in health care policy. Value is a term that describes the worthiness of something. In health care, value would describe the extent to which people need the service and its benefit to them. Value dictates cost incurred in acquiring healthcare services (Marmor, et.al. 2005). I believe that health care policies should address cost in relation to outcome. The question at this point would be â€Å"does the cost commensurate to the value of health care in terms of satisfaction of patient’s needs, access to service or profitability to the healthcare provider. I strongly feel cost incurred in healthcare institutions do not cater for the value provided in terms of service out comes. Cost measures usually address factors, which would lead to reduction of current costs involved in healthcare delivery (The Federation's Pages). This means that cost must address total care that a patient acquires while in health facility. In ad dition, cost reduction approaches must address factors such as satisfactory services, efficiency, and effectiveness. In my opinion, cost incurred in health does not match the kind of service that people receive. This means that an attempt to reduce cost should be in the pipeline. It is apparent that health care encompasses many providers who offer services at different rates. However, the most important issue in health is the quality of service that these providers offer (Porter, 2010). I believe that a high quality service would cost more because the patient would need an extra attention, which calls for more costs. For instance, a patient at a care unit should get value for the costs he or she has incurred. Experts believe that quality delivered depend on the value of an individuals money. I believe that quality should be a factor that drives the health care providers. Unfortunately, this is not the case in some instances. Many patients fail to get quality services because of myri ad arguments, which surround the health care sector. In my opinion, quality and cost are inseparable in the health sector. In this regard, health care policies must address quality and cost as factors that influence value of health care. Some people feel that when health care provision does not meet the patient demand, then quality provided is low. I believe that quality in health care sector can exist even if the health care provider has met the demand of the patient. Health experts have observed that health provision involve several stakeholders, which include physicians, hospitals, pharmaceuticals, and others. Since the sector involves numerous units, inefficiency is likely to crop. This attracts proper measures, which intend to address value in terms of patient demand and cost incurred. I believe that patient requirement forms that foundation of measuring value in primary or preventive care. When patients of similar needs fail to achieve the requirement for their need it would b e apparent that value is absent in the health sector. For example, primary stages of healthcare provision offer advisory and preventive services, which prevent causes or reoccurrence of similar conditions. It is arguable that when this group of patients fails to achieve the core services at this level it would be apparent that value does not exists. Social issues such as insurance policies, poverty influence provision of health care. I believe

Business Management Tasks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business Management Tasks - Essay Example This discussion highlights that  at the top of the structure is the CEO/President who oversees all the operations of the company he is at the top of the pyramid in decision making process. Company’s departments are categorized into either support or operations. Support include: human resources, finance, marketing, and property. Operation includes the other parts of the business.   At Pizza Hut every division plays a different function making it easier for the CEO to determine whether or not the divisions are performing as per required. This is a kind of structure that encourages specialization as each division consists of employees who have the required skills, experience, and character that are required for the function that the division serves.As the report stresses  the company is divided into departments each headed by a director. Every department has a specific function that is expected to perform a specific function the departments that are present in Pizza Hut are : marketing, human resource management, public relations, procurement, operations. This kind of organizational structure can be referred to as composite organizational structure because it is a blend of a hierarchical organizational structure and divisional organization structure. Despite the fact that the organization has various departments performing different functions there are divisions within the department with the leader of each subdivision reporting to the head of department.

Designing for the Future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Designing for the Future - Essay Example According to Professor David Leon, epidemiologist of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, WHO (World Health Organisation) Health for All Database, and the Human Mortality Database, statistical analysis of the UK’s life expectancy and lifespan change is the research topic of relevant epidemiological studies. Mortality data reveals â€Å"†¦Britains are living longer than ever before. Average life expectancy has increased to eighty years old – eight years higher than the 1970s† (Leon, 2011, p. 1). The ageing population of Western Europe, including the UK, has experienced steady increases since the 1970s. â€Å"One reason for the increase and change in lifespan and life expectancy is the decline of deaths due to cardiovascular disease. However, there has been an increase in obesity† (Leon, 2011, p. 1) The Foresight Ageing Population Panel is a collaborative of the voices of the businesses, government, and the sciences that address the threats and opportunities that the UK may face over the next ten to twenty years. â€Å"Foresight is about being ready for the future. The future is shaped by the decisions we make today†¦we will encounter old age†¦it is important to be concerned. If we wait for the future to happen to us, the UK will miss out on opportunities for wealth creation and better quality of life† (Foresight Ageing Population Panel, 2000, p. 6). Over the span of thirty years, the UK’s population will change significantly. â€Å"The postwar baby boom generation will age first into middle age and then into older age. Rapid changes in lifespan and life expectancy of the ageing population means that successive generations of older people are living much longer† (p. 6). There are advantages in acknowledging the opportunities and challenges of changes in lifespan of the UK ageing population. By planning for demographic change of the population, economic, social,

Bauhaus and Modernism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bauhaus and Modernism - Essay Example This essay discusses that the main concepts of the Bauhaus began in Germany in the early 1900s, specifically when World War I and World War II began to dominate the lifestyles of those in the region. The philosophy was based on the changes that were within society and how this led to different perspectives of what was important to those in a given culture. The basis of this was known as being a logical positivist, which embraced futuristic and avant – garde ideologies. It was understood that this particular concept of philosophy was one that not only demanded the change toward mathematical and economic associations with art. There were also values that were placed on the changing culture, specifically because of the wars which were taking place. As the report declares, Europe and America began to experience a profound shift in sensibility that would lead to an explosion of creativity in the arts, transform moral values, and in time reshape the conduct of life throughout Western society† This basis was followed by other concepts which were associated with the understanding of Bauhaus and the movement toward modernism in Germany. The art and architectural forms that were a part of the movement were one of the main associations made with the Bauhaus movement. The philosophy developed was based on simplistic forms and colors as well as a synthesis between the two. Unification of the forms and colors were then able to create a different focus on the ideology of the subject and what was being said.... This essay stresses that the desire to create a sense of innovation and modernism then became reflective of the ideologies of the Bauhaus movement, specifically in trying to find a definition that created the perception of modernism. The similarities of defining modernism then became a part of the art and architecture that was in both America and Europe. When looking at the different movements and the artistic works, it can be seen that there are similarities specifically in the definition and philosophy of modernism. When looking at these two artistic concepts, it can be seen that there is a direct relationship to creating shapes, forms and specific colors with the art. The Bauhaus perspective is based on incorporating mathematical concepts and philosophies of technology, specifically to re-identify art into a modernist perspective. The later work of Dove uses these same philosophies, specifically which takes the subject matter of the mountains and makes it into what one could define as a modernist work. The concept of Bauhaus and the American modernist movement have changed the way that many looks at the idea of modernism. Bauhaus worked as the precursor to American modernism with several philosophies, including the art, craft, and philosophy of defining modernism. The early influences of those that were a part of America from the Bauhaus movement, as well as the incorporation of different ideologies in trying to find the meaning of modernism led to different understandings that created the modernist philosophies.

Is there a legitimacy of IMF duties and did IMF fulfill its promises Essay

Is there a legitimacy of IMF duties and did IMF fulfill its promises - Essay Example The fund was also charged with the responsibility of availing its resources to member states facing hardships in their balance of payments, and lessening as well as shortening the degree of imbalance in the global balance of payments to its member states (Soros, 2002: pp 116). The IMF has contributed to positive change in numerous member countries since its establishment. At its inception, it undertook the daunting task of restoring economic growth and stability, especially after the world war, and the aftermath of the great global depression. The IMF adopted a simple working principle that all countries share some fundamental economic goals; that include achievement of high income and employment levels, and that countries can achieve these goals by adopting solid macroeconomic policies, collaborating to make international monetary systems work efficiently and making their economies accessible to trade (Camdessus, 1998). It has not been easy for IMF since the global economy has had its successes and challenges, especially during the fund's initial years. For all the countries that adopted the IMF principles, their employment rates rose, their national incomes grew, and their trade expanded immensely, ushering in almost fifty years of global prosperity. The global economy is much more com... Also, there are now various exchange rate arrangements which have replaced the initial fixed exchange rate system, with IMF member states increasing from just forty in 1947 to 182 currently (Camdessus, 1998). During these developments, the fund has also had to change and develop itself in order to remain relevant and address the changing needs and demands. The fund now temporarily provides and advices members undergoing wide ranging circumstances and problems. The fund has also expanded its scope to incorporate other elements contributing to stability in the financial systems and economic growth. The fund now advocates for its members deregulating their domestic economies to boost private sector activities. Moreover, it has called for the member governments to reduce unfruitful government spending, spend more on basic human needs, ensure accountability in corporate and government affairs and a more efficient dialogue on economic policies with the civil society and labor (Camdessus, 1998). The IMF has helped its members in dealing with various problems and issues that were not anticipated at the institution's establishment. For instance, the fund helped in creating a mechanism to recycle the surpluses of oil exporters and helped in financing oil-related deficits in some countries during the 1970s energy crisis. In the 1980s, the fund helped the Latin American countries in overcoming a debt crisis (Camdessus, 1998). In 1989, IMF helped in designing and financing substantial global efforts required to help the 26 transition countries of Eastern Europe and the former USSR to abandon the legacy of centralized planning. Between 1994 and 1995, IMF helped Mexico out

Observation Paper Essay Example for Free

Observation Paper Essay Conformity is behavior change designed to match the actions of others. During my research, I found many examples of conformitive behavior. I often related conformity to adolescents due to the fact that they usually do their best to try and fit in when it comes to group settings. This type of behavior can be seen in college students attending educational facilities away from home. Those that are in dorms tend to indulge in drinking even if they aren’t â€Å"big drinkers†. They do this to conform to that of others and to be included in the fun and try and fit in. One last example that I will discuss prior to getting into my own observation, was the study that was done my Crandall in 1988 which examined normative social influences involving bulimia in college sororities. Sororities are the true definition of conformity and those that don’t conform are usually not allowed to continue to pledge. In the particular sororities that were examined, Crandall found that it had its own norm when it came to the â€Å"right† amount of food to eat and the popularity within the sorority was associated with adhering to this norm. Those that wanted to be a part of the sororities needed to conform to the â€Å"norm† and fell into a bulimic state. These girls had to of known this was not healthy for them yet they wanted to continue to become of part of this group and follow the â€Å"norm† that was set out. To me, this is just ridiculous. Some of us have issues with conforming and I believe I’m one of those people. The observation that I decided to conduct was that of a military setting. I decided to do this based on the fact that when I was in the military, there were times when I struggled with those appointed over me because I knew the tasks that they were giving me were wrong. I wasn’t willing to conform when I knew it wasn’t right. This is where my â€Å"issue† with authority came into play. The military is one of, if not the largest, organization that requires conformity to the fullest. Those that don’t conform will be punished. During my reading I found a Japanese saying that really hit close to home. â€Å"The nail that sticks up gets hammered down†. What that means to me is that it’s better to not stand out in the group but rather conform and fall amongst them. Prior to the start of my observation, I had a background of the military setting so I guess we could call that an unfair advantage because maybe I didn’t go into this assignment with open-mindedness. I had the assumed idea that those being observed would  conform to the standards set forth by the military official in charge of them regardless if they thought that it was right/wrong. I envisioned that normative pressure would come into play since those that are in authoritative position are respected and looked up to. So, in order to support my assumption, I decided to have my wife, who is currently active duty and a Division Officer, assist me. She didn’t do this by choice, but I had her conform ï Å  I asked her to give personnel in her division orders that they would know were wrong. For instance, she gave three separate Sailors (2-E3, 1-E4) direction to go to McDonald’s to get her something to eat while in a duty status. Then, she briefed all of them at duty section muster that no one was authorized to leave the confines of the ship on their duty for any reason to include going to get something to eat. They all were aware this wasn’t allowed but being that she told them, they thought that it must be right. There was no questioning attitude, just a â€Å"yes Ma’am† by every single one. I wanted her to take it one step further so I asked her to do something that would affect the safety of Sailors and see how they responded. Would they conform? So, all her Sailors are required to wear protective head gear and glasses due to the dry dock environment and the hazards associated. She went to quarters and directed them all to come back tomorrow with only their hard hats. She stated glasses were no longer required. Not one person said anything when she gave this information out. No one questioned her but simply just went on about their days. The next day, over 75% of her personnel showed up without glasses. This was clearly a safety violation and could potentially have an impact on their individual safety but because she was an authoritative figure, they accepted that risk and conformed to what she stated. It wasn’t right but they did it anyway. After it was completed, she let them know that it was ok to question things that you thought weren’t right. She informed them about the study and stated that she was surprised so many had not followed their instincts and did the right thing. I wasn’t quite so shocked by the results. I saw a lot of Sailors do things that aren’t necessarily right because someone higher ranking told them and instead of questioning them, and possibly getting in trouble, they just did it. So, the results she got didn’t surprise me. In the military, it’s like the unspoken rule†¦just conform. Overall, this study was exactly what I thought it was going to be. In many  situations, we are uncertain how to think or act/react to those around us especially when it’s not the socially accepted â€Å"norm†. We tend to use the behavior and actions of others to dictate what were going to do. Informational social influence occurs because we conform using others as a source of information. That’s exactly what happened in my observation. No one stood up and said it was wrong so being that my wife told them it was right (she was the source of information), they did it! Was it right, no! This is where I think change needs to happen. Stand up for what you believe. Don’t just be rebellious because you can but have a reason and stand by it. Find people who believe in the same thing that you believe in and take a stance. Her Sailors should have confided in one another and they all should have worn their glasses to muster knowing that it was their safety that they were protecting. All of them should have stood up to protect themselves!

An Adoption Of Ebusiness In Thai SMEs

An Adoption Of Ebusiness In Thai SMEs Chapter 1: Dissertation Introduction Background to research In order to increase business opportunities, many large companies invested in information systems (IS). Because the high return from investment have seen in many cases. Also, Porter (2001) claims that the e-business which one kind of information systems can term as the way to management business by applying the Internet to support business activities. However, in small and medium sized enterprises have only small amount of evidences to prove those benefits (Levy, Powell Yetton, 2002). However, presently the internet was changed the way of running business, the small and medium enterprise (SME) have higher opportunities to survive in various markets (Levy Powell, 2005). Consequently, these researches are inspired this research to explore how to improve SME in Thailand which is one of the most significant business sectors in the country. Therefore, the idea of improving Thai business by integrating an e-business into SMEs has been studied. Furthermore, there are some amount of resear ch for developing e-commerce in Thailand but rarely seen for e-business. In my opinion, e-business could change and improve the way of running business better than ever due to it supports the coordination between suppliers and partners, operation performance, and also included e-commerce (Beynon-Davies, 2004). Aims and objectives Research objectives To discover which kind of small and medium companies should integrate e-business and what are the critical success factors in adopting it. This research also aims to develop the road map of e-business integration for the case study company. Research questions How to adopt e-business to Thai SMEs? Why only some companies should integrate e-business? What are the characteristics that specify the appropriation? How e-business can improve the company performance? What are the critical success factors? What are the main barriers for these kinds of small size business? Do suppliers or customers of the company agree with integrating e-business? Do they have significant influent to change? What are the case study tell us about the literature? How the business can apply in the future? Area of Focus Structure Chapter 2: Literature Analysis and Dissertation Questions Value chain Dynamics of SMEs to information systems Important of e-business E-business integration Thailand SMEs Critical susses factors Chapter 3: Context and Methodology After the previous chapter critical analysed various relevant academic literatures. This chapter illustrates the qualitative research methodology applied in this dissertation in order to analyse and design the roadmap for adopting e-business system in SuperBag Company. In this context and methodology part is combined with three main sections: paradigm and research methodology, research design, and research ethic. The chapter explains the process of research planning in the same logical with the research onion in figure 3.1 (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2008 cited in Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2009, p.108). By the reason that this model possible to show the approach of management research clearly. Figure 3.1: The research onion (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009, p.108) As can be seen in figure 3.1 the research onion divided to two colours in order to distinguished the layer of thinking method. In the first two layers are philosophies and approaches which can be thought of as paradigm and research methodology. The next three levels are strategies, choices, and time horizontals. These three layers are concerning on research design process (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). In the innermost layer, data collection and data analysis are discussed in the next chapter. Paradigm and Research Methodology This research has the purpose to investigate the critical success factors in applying e-business in Thailand SMEs. Consequently, to get the richness of information and enhance the validity of the outcome, the research will utilise interpretive philosophy (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). In addition, the philosophy results in inductive approach. To begin with first layer, this qualitative research applied an interpretivist philosophy. Referred to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) explain that interpretivism suitable for the research topic that has some particular interests and difficult to understand such as human being. For this reason, to comprehend the case study is aligning with interpretivism that supports to view the situation in-depth. Additionally, Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) suggest three views to clarify the research philosophies including with ontology, epistemology and axiology. In interpretivism, ontology represents the nature of reality as subjective that varies to change. Next, epistemology explains that the details of subject contexts are important to the research implication. Lastly in interpretivism paradigm, axiology shows a value-laden and research is part of the research that might lead to biased outcome (Blackmon and Maylor, 2005). In conclusion, interpretivism is appropriate with this research as this philosophy demonstrates the richness of data and subjective as well as high validity (Harwood, 2010). Moreover, as Greener (2008, p.17) stated, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“an interpretivist researcher aims to see the world throught the eyes of the people being studied, allowing them multiple perspectives of reality, rather than the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“one realityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? of positivismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. This statement supports the idea that interpretivism is ultimate for business research which supports to generate the framework from the many participants views. In the second layer is inductive approach was used in this research as parallel way of interpretivism. This approach is more appropriate to deal with a small sample size. As it spotlights attention to the contexts of subject. In addition, a number of researches support inductive approach is closer understanding of social word than deductive approach (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). Research Design This sub section explains three layers of research onion; strategies, choices, and time horizontals. Firstly, as the dissertation topic analysed SuperBag Company, the research design was fixed as a case study. As well as the Research Philosophy and approach those were devised to find the most appropriate paradigm to produce the reliable outcome. The strategy used in the research is a single case study. According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) state that this strategy can be explained descriptive, explanatory and exploratory research types. However, this research is concerned as exploratory more than others because it discovered new knowledge for the case. More details about the case study company are described in the chapter 4. Secondly, reference to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) reveal that while using case study strategy, both qualitative and quantitative should be collected. This technique called as triangulation and it is possible to reduce the bias decision from the point of researchers view. Therefore, this research used mixed-method design in order to increase the research reliability. The qualitative data were collected by using semi-structured interviews and the quantitative data were gathered from internal and external company data resources. Thirdly, the time horizon that was used in this paper is cross-sectional study. Main reason of selecting the cross-sectional study instead of longitudinal study is the research question (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). The research question is about to develop the implementation plan in the particular time, so that cross-sectional study would be more suitable than longitudinal time horizontal. Moreover, as Greener (2008) point out, when the research faced with time limited same as this dissertation case, cross-sectional study would be more preferable too. Ethic Consideration The ethic is one of the main concerns in producing this research. As Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) have indicates that ethically research should be performed since the authority to access the participants, gathering process, analysis, and the way to present research data. For example, the voice record are started after the interviewees were consent to do. Moreover, researcher used the natural tone while interviewing in order to reduce the interviewees stress. In addition, interview time was selected by the interviewees to provide the most convenience time for them. Furthermore, both interviewees and companys name are anonymous due to the privacy concern. Hence, instead of its read name, this case study company referred as SuperBag. Chapter 4: Data Collection and Data Analysis As mentioned in previous section, this chapter explains in the innermost of the research onion that is techniques and procedures of the research. Those discussed in this chapter are highlighted as (1) case description, (2) sampling method, (3) Data collection; secondary data and primary data, and (4) data analysing technique. Case Description This dissertation focuses on SuperBag Company as a case study. This company was selected for examination since it is a Small and Medium Enterprises in Thailand. Thai SMEs is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. SuperBag Company is a filter bags manufacture. The company was established since 1983 and it is a first expert manufacture of filter bags in Thailand. As the first company and its size and profit are increasing continuously that made SuperBag is the leader of this market. Recently, the firm has a client base of over 100 companies including Thailand and some neighbour countries. Additional, the numbers of customers are constant growing. However, SuperBag has not converted to big company yet. The company was owner and formed by an enthusiastic entrepreneur. In addition, SuperBag operated as family business which has 40 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 50 employees. Also, the main communication ways are using the traditional ways such as fax and telephone The company provides a full range of associated filter products and accessories. The main product is filter bags which are using for dust control in various industries such as food processing, pharmaceuticals, and mining quarrying cement. SuperBag offers an assortment of services included; designing suitable bags, onsite fitting, producing made to order products, maintenance, and advice for problem solving. Majority of the products SuperBag manufactured are mainly sold in Thailand. On the other hands, SuperBag imports raw material from many countries included; Germany, Taiwan, Korea, and China. The materials from different country of origin are significantly affected to the product quality and profit margin. The aims and visions of SuperBag are promised to high standard filter bags, fast service, made to order by specialist, concern the customer relationship, in order to achieve the highest customers satisfaction. (SuperBag, 2010) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“most management and organisational researchers suggest that you are more likely to gain access where you are able to use existing contactsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Buchanan et al. 1988; Easterby-Smith et al. 2008; Johnson 1975 cited in Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2009, p.176) Sampling Method After the sample case was explained, this section describes the sampling technique that was applied to this research. According to the research question that what to know how to adopt e-business to Thai SMEs which are a numerous number of this kind of enterprise in Thailand. Therefore, the entire population cannot be collected and analysed, the sample case is necessary. Additionally, an alternative of probability, this dissertation decided to use non-probability sampling technique. As Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) indicate that non-probability sampling techniques are allowed to choose the sample purposively. With this reasons the research question could be answered from rich information that usually gains from small sample size. Finally, when combined various supported reasons and the opportunity to access the SuperBag Company data, made this research applied a non-probability with purposively selected SuperBag Company as a case study to simplify the general idea of how to ado pt e-business in Thai SMEs. Data Collection Data were collected from two major types included secondary data and primary data. Firstly, secondary data which are the existing data could be collect from either external or internal company database. Referred to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) internal data are data that can be obtained from the firm. External data could be conducted from many sources such as internet, library, and some publishing media (Harwood, 2010). Another data source is primary data which is data that first collect in the research. As mentioned in sampling method that the research will use a single case study, which will be the good source of primary data. Secondary data As McQuarrie (1996) suggested that before planning to spend time and money to collect data, the researchers should look for secondary data first. Even though the secondary data were gathered for different purposes, they were ready to be used. Moreover, secondary data can be the firm internal data such as investment plan, company annual report. Also, wide ranges of existing knowledge are provided, in this dissertation was focused in four areas consisted; information systems (IS) and information technology (IT), e-business adoption, Thai SMEs, and business strategy. There are a choice of sources to review such as public and university library, and opened online sectors. These secondary data were valuable to the research if they are related, reliability and validity (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009). Primary data This type of case study suits when the case provides authorities to access their data (Yin, 2003). The information was gathered from two interviewers that are the owner and the successor of the company. Furthermore, the interview will use face to face and virtual face techniques. In detailed, these qualitative interviews will be prepared as semi-structured interviews. According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009), the semi-structured interviews useful when new aspect from the interviewers are very significant to the research outcome. Because new questions can be added or omitted depends on the conversation. Moreover, the conversions would be recorded by audio-recorders and paper notes. Data Analysis Technique Data Analysis All records will be transcribed into word files and then get through the data cleaning process. Next, these data will be answered the research questions. Nevertheless, the process of data collection and analysis will be repeated until all questions were answered. Resources Although, various secondary data can be found in opened online sector such as Webcat and TDnet, some of useful information has to pay for. Moreover, this research was prepared by individually, so the researcher has to pay for all cost which happens during this project. The free online articles and journals which involve in the topic will be used in this research that can find from intranet at Library of University such as TDnet, Webcat. Time management and location Location Location could have significant impact to the data that was collected, so this research will conduct the information as virtual face and face to face. For virtual face means the interviewee and interviewer can see each other and have real time communication (Skype, 2010). In this research will use the software called Skype. Also, international call will be used in emergency situation. An Adoption Of Ebusiness In Thai SMEs An Adoption Of Ebusiness In Thai SMEs Chapter 1: Dissertation Introduction Background to research In order to increase business opportunities, many large companies invested in information systems (IS). Because the high return from investment have seen in many cases. Also, Porter (2001) claims that the e-business which one kind of information systems can term as the way to management business by applying the Internet to support business activities. However, in small and medium sized enterprises have only small amount of evidences to prove those benefits (Levy, Powell Yetton, 2002). However, presently the internet was changed the way of running business, the small and medium enterprise (SME) have higher opportunities to survive in various markets (Levy Powell, 2005). Consequently, these researches are inspired this research to explore how to improve SME in Thailand which is one of the most significant business sectors in the country. Therefore, the idea of improving Thai business by integrating an e-business into SMEs has been studied. Furthermore, there are some amount of resear ch for developing e-commerce in Thailand but rarely seen for e-business. In my opinion, e-business could change and improve the way of running business better than ever due to it supports the coordination between suppliers and partners, operation performance, and also included e-commerce (Beynon-Davies, 2004). Aims and objectives Research objectives To discover which kind of small and medium companies should integrate e-business and what are the critical success factors in adopting it. This research also aims to develop the road map of e-business integration for the case study company. Research questions How to adopt e-business to Thai SMEs? Why only some companies should integrate e-business? What are the characteristics that specify the appropriation? How e-business can improve the company performance? What are the critical success factors? What are the main barriers for these kinds of small size business? Do suppliers or customers of the company agree with integrating e-business? Do they have significant influent to change? What are the case study tell us about the literature? How the business can apply in the future? Area of Focus Structure Chapter 2: Literature Analysis and Dissertation Questions Value chain Dynamics of SMEs to information systems Important of e-business E-business integration Thailand SMEs Critical susses factors Chapter 3: Context and Methodology After the previous chapter critical analysed various relevant academic literatures. This chapter illustrates the qualitative research methodology applied in this dissertation in order to analyse and design the roadmap for adopting e-business system in SuperBag Company. In this context and methodology part is combined with three main sections: paradigm and research methodology, research design, and research ethic. The chapter explains the process of research planning in the same logical with the research onion in figure 3.1 (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2008 cited in Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2009, p.108). By the reason that this model possible to show the approach of management research clearly. Figure 3.1: The research onion (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009, p.108) As can be seen in figure 3.1 the research onion divided to two colours in order to distinguished the layer of thinking method. In the first two layers are philosophies and approaches which can be thought of as paradigm and research methodology. The next three levels are strategies, choices, and time horizontals. These three layers are concerning on research design process (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). In the innermost layer, data collection and data analysis are discussed in the next chapter. Paradigm and Research Methodology This research has the purpose to investigate the critical success factors in applying e-business in Thailand SMEs. Consequently, to get the richness of information and enhance the validity of the outcome, the research will utilise interpretive philosophy (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). In addition, the philosophy results in inductive approach. To begin with first layer, this qualitative research applied an interpretivist philosophy. Referred to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) explain that interpretivism suitable for the research topic that has some particular interests and difficult to understand such as human being. For this reason, to comprehend the case study is aligning with interpretivism that supports to view the situation in-depth. Additionally, Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) suggest three views to clarify the research philosophies including with ontology, epistemology and axiology. In interpretivism, ontology represents the nature of reality as subjective that varies to change. Next, epistemology explains that the details of subject contexts are important to the research implication. Lastly in interpretivism paradigm, axiology shows a value-laden and research is part of the research that might lead to biased outcome (Blackmon and Maylor, 2005). In conclusion, interpretivism is appropriate with this research as this philosophy demonstrates the richness of data and subjective as well as high validity (Harwood, 2010). Moreover, as Greener (2008, p.17) stated, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“an interpretivist researcher aims to see the world throught the eyes of the people being studied, allowing them multiple perspectives of reality, rather than the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“one realityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? of positivismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. This statement supports the idea that interpretivism is ultimate for business research which supports to generate the framework from the many participants views. In the second layer is inductive approach was used in this research as parallel way of interpretivism. This approach is more appropriate to deal with a small sample size. As it spotlights attention to the contexts of subject. In addition, a number of researches support inductive approach is closer understanding of social word than deductive approach (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). Research Design This sub section explains three layers of research onion; strategies, choices, and time horizontals. Firstly, as the dissertation topic analysed SuperBag Company, the research design was fixed as a case study. As well as the Research Philosophy and approach those were devised to find the most appropriate paradigm to produce the reliable outcome. The strategy used in the research is a single case study. According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) state that this strategy can be explained descriptive, explanatory and exploratory research types. However, this research is concerned as exploratory more than others because it discovered new knowledge for the case. More details about the case study company are described in the chapter 4. Secondly, reference to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) reveal that while using case study strategy, both qualitative and quantitative should be collected. This technique called as triangulation and it is possible to reduce the bias decision from the point of researchers view. Therefore, this research used mixed-method design in order to increase the research reliability. The qualitative data were collected by using semi-structured interviews and the quantitative data were gathered from internal and external company data resources. Thirdly, the time horizon that was used in this paper is cross-sectional study. Main reason of selecting the cross-sectional study instead of longitudinal study is the research question (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). The research question is about to develop the implementation plan in the particular time, so that cross-sectional study would be more suitable than longitudinal time horizontal. Moreover, as Greener (2008) point out, when the research faced with time limited same as this dissertation case, cross-sectional study would be more preferable too. Ethic Consideration The ethic is one of the main concerns in producing this research. As Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) have indicates that ethically research should be performed since the authority to access the participants, gathering process, analysis, and the way to present research data. For example, the voice record are started after the interviewees were consent to do. Moreover, researcher used the natural tone while interviewing in order to reduce the interviewees stress. In addition, interview time was selected by the interviewees to provide the most convenience time for them. Furthermore, both interviewees and companys name are anonymous due to the privacy concern. Hence, instead of its read name, this case study company referred as SuperBag. Chapter 4: Data Collection and Data Analysis As mentioned in previous section, this chapter explains in the innermost of the research onion that is techniques and procedures of the research. Those discussed in this chapter are highlighted as (1) case description, (2) sampling method, (3) Data collection; secondary data and primary data, and (4) data analysing technique. Case Description This dissertation focuses on SuperBag Company as a case study. This company was selected for examination since it is a Small and Medium Enterprises in Thailand. Thai SMEs is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. SuperBag Company is a filter bags manufacture. The company was established since 1983 and it is a first expert manufacture of filter bags in Thailand. As the first company and its size and profit are increasing continuously that made SuperBag is the leader of this market. Recently, the firm has a client base of over 100 companies including Thailand and some neighbour countries. Additional, the numbers of customers are constant growing. However, SuperBag has not converted to big company yet. The company was owner and formed by an enthusiastic entrepreneur. In addition, SuperBag operated as family business which has 40 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 50 employees. Also, the main communication ways are using the traditional ways such as fax and telephone The company provides a full range of associated filter products and accessories. The main product is filter bags which are using for dust control in various industries such as food processing, pharmaceuticals, and mining quarrying cement. SuperBag offers an assortment of services included; designing suitable bags, onsite fitting, producing made to order products, maintenance, and advice for problem solving. Majority of the products SuperBag manufactured are mainly sold in Thailand. On the other hands, SuperBag imports raw material from many countries included; Germany, Taiwan, Korea, and China. The materials from different country of origin are significantly affected to the product quality and profit margin. The aims and visions of SuperBag are promised to high standard filter bags, fast service, made to order by specialist, concern the customer relationship, in order to achieve the highest customers satisfaction. (SuperBag, 2010) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“most management and organisational researchers suggest that you are more likely to gain access where you are able to use existing contactsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Buchanan et al. 1988; Easterby-Smith et al. 2008; Johnson 1975 cited in Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2009, p.176) Sampling Method After the sample case was explained, this section describes the sampling technique that was applied to this research. According to the research question that what to know how to adopt e-business to Thai SMEs which are a numerous number of this kind of enterprise in Thailand. Therefore, the entire population cannot be collected and analysed, the sample case is necessary. Additionally, an alternative of probability, this dissertation decided to use non-probability sampling technique. As Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) indicate that non-probability sampling techniques are allowed to choose the sample purposively. With this reasons the research question could be answered from rich information that usually gains from small sample size. Finally, when combined various supported reasons and the opportunity to access the SuperBag Company data, made this research applied a non-probability with purposively selected SuperBag Company as a case study to simplify the general idea of how to ado pt e-business in Thai SMEs. Data Collection Data were collected from two major types included secondary data and primary data. Firstly, secondary data which are the existing data could be collect from either external or internal company database. Referred to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) internal data are data that can be obtained from the firm. External data could be conducted from many sources such as internet, library, and some publishing media (Harwood, 2010). Another data source is primary data which is data that first collect in the research. As mentioned in sampling method that the research will use a single case study, which will be the good source of primary data. Secondary data As McQuarrie (1996) suggested that before planning to spend time and money to collect data, the researchers should look for secondary data first. Even though the secondary data were gathered for different purposes, they were ready to be used. Moreover, secondary data can be the firm internal data such as investment plan, company annual report. Also, wide ranges of existing knowledge are provided, in this dissertation was focused in four areas consisted; information systems (IS) and information technology (IT), e-business adoption, Thai SMEs, and business strategy. There are a choice of sources to review such as public and university library, and opened online sectors. These secondary data were valuable to the research if they are related, reliability and validity (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009). Primary data This type of case study suits when the case provides authorities to access their data (Yin, 2003). The information was gathered from two interviewers that are the owner and the successor of the company. Furthermore, the interview will use face to face and virtual face techniques. In detailed, these qualitative interviews will be prepared as semi-structured interviews. According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009), the semi-structured interviews useful when new aspect from the interviewers are very significant to the research outcome. Because new questions can be added or omitted depends on the conversation. Moreover, the conversions would be recorded by audio-recorders and paper notes. Data Analysis Technique Data Analysis All records will be transcribed into word files and then get through the data cleaning process. Next, these data will be answered the research questions. Nevertheless, the process of data collection and analysis will be repeated until all questions were answered. Resources Although, various secondary data can be found in opened online sector such as Webcat and TDnet, some of useful information has to pay for. Moreover, this research was prepared by individually, so the researcher has to pay for all cost which happens during this project. The free online articles and journals which involve in the topic will be used in this research that can find from intranet at Library of University such as TDnet, Webcat. Time management and location Location Location could have significant impact to the data that was collected, so this research will conduct the information as virtual face and face to face. For virtual face means the interviewee and interviewer can see each other and have real time communication (Skype, 2010). In this research will use the software called Skype. Also, international call will be used in emergency situation.

Concepts of Social Cohesion and Equality in Education

Concepts of Social Cohesion and Equality in Education The Personal is Political: Why do we let this happen? This age old saying indicates that the choices we make, the way we look, the way we act and present ourselves with and to other people, are political and defines our political orientation, as society dictates we have to look a certain way. But Who says so? The Person is Political is a liberal feminism theory, identifying that Personal problems are Political problems, as they are as a result of political systematic oppression. A rallying cry for many feminists in the 60s and 70s, in their underlying message, in writings, readings and consciousness raising. Relating to the theory and resonating with the feminists cry, Marxism removed the focus away from struggling individuals and onto group struggling, ratifying the only way to effect real change is to do so collectively! Concurring with this ideology, Durkheim further cited by Filloux, stated society is bigger than us and shapes our thoughts and actions the collective conscious, mechanical solidarity with sameness and social bonds based on shared morality, uniting members. This essay will look at supported published literature, how it is understood by the leaders of thought in this field, validating and correlating the shared language to describe and defend my own practice in the community of education. How are we faring against social, economic, cultural and political ideologies? Is it just words? It is my belief, fairness and equality for all has still not been achieved and is an ever evolving work in progress. The differences in society are our connections. Our cultural norms are tacit and white privilege is asking us to challenge them daily and understand what is in Our Knapsacks. We as practitioners, do have the power of inertia to intercede between the individual learner and stakeholders to collectively effect real change to ensure a better society for all. Irelands changing demographic over the last 10 years has helped to shape a more socially and culturally diverse society. There is no doubt that Ireland will remain a diverse society and it is important that we celebrate and harness this diversity and ensure that our communities are inclusive. Speech by Minister Stanton Equality Then, Now Future: Creating a more Equal Inclusive Society Key concepts and theories will explain real life practices and demonstrate the obligation to promote a critical analysis of social change and inclusion, in the context of the social, cultural and political frameworks. Critical reflection and ethics within daily practice trigger theories of social change, inclusion, quality and diversity in my role as an educator. A learner who is Dyslexic, Stephanie (not her real name) is the genesis of the case study and consequently support the growth of this essay. In order to understand other cultures, the lived experience of inequality and inclusion, or lack of will be categorised by three levels of the Micro, Meso and Macro. Taking this into consideration, her lived perspective will evaluate the extent to which Adult and Further Education includes marginalized social groups, what should be contained in an inclusive curriculum and the sense of agency to provide a comfortable supportive environment to enable her to deal with societys barriers. Critical factors such as equality form our mind-sets within particular cultures. The particular culture within our families, organisations and government are the markers of difference and operate at different levels in responding to diversity. Possessing an understanding of what is in my knapsack as a practitioner, Peggy McIntosh (McIntosh, 2016) enabled me to check my own assumptions and re-evaluate, Who and what I am and Who and what I am not The Other. Micro level considers the teaching and learning viewpoints at individual levels in Adult and Further Education. Long gone are the days of I Teach, You listen! approaches, the theory of developing intellect and not listening to the learners voice is non-productive. The importance of emotions are fundamental in the development to the functioning of an inclusive democratic society. How can I let my learners see that I truly care about their progression, if I cannot demonstrate empathy? Sharing my journey of Lifelong Learning, in a professional and legitimate manner allowing the language of emotions to be present within the classroom, is crucial in the establishment of trust building of respectful relationships. In addition, concurring with Filloux, practitioners should adopt to a discipline of sociology, providing for successful structures and facilitation of learning, in conducive learning environments. The teacher of the future is thus one who will manage to live out the pedagogical wish of the sociologist.. (Filloux, 1993) During Stephanies Wk1 Day 1, Induction Week on a yearlong Level 5 Office Administration Course, through Icebreaker introductions, Stephanie disclosed she had not been interviewed or applied for the course herself and was not happy about having to attend. As she had not applied for the course her negative attitude could be somewhat understandable. Stephanie had received a phone call from the organisation, the day prior to commencement of the course and instructed to arrive for class the following day at 8.30am. This relaxed day enabled Tuckmans Formation Stage to develop, empowering learners to share experiences, develop relationships and build confidence and self-worth. On Day 2, following reflection of the previous lesson, further discussions unfolded with Stephanie sharing her bad experiences in school to the group. Relationships were emerging, with other learners demonstrating sympathetic responses. Admitting how she struggled with reading, confessing how daily she was publically humiliated by having to read out loud and when she refused to do so, was labelled troublesome. She was regularly called stupid or dumb by both the teachers and peers and often sent to sit outside the headmistresss door, when she became argumentative. In her own admission, she said it was easier to start an argument in the classroom rather than feel useless. Stephanie felt the only person she developed a relationship with, was the School Secretary. She took the time to listen to me! This school secretary had recognised she was different and suggested her best approach to improve her performance in school would be to go to her doctor, and get a psychological assessment con ducted. The school would receive government funding to support learners with additional needs and the school would be in better position to support Stephanie with her studies. As a result of that conversation, Stephanie felt she had personally failed, in addition to the school system failing her, so she dropped out of school, after her Junior Certificate. However, she did go to the doctors who confirmed in a psychological report that Stephanie was Dyslexic. Emile Durkheim suggests Anomie is a lack of moral standards in a society. Unfortunately, it could be argued Stephanies previous experiences of system failure, in 2nd level education, certainly had an impact on her individual belief systems, behaviours and overall perceptions of Further Education (FE), hence shaping her negative attitude and barriers to motivation of learning. In addition to delivering subject matter content, practitioners are also expected to ensure learners are familiarised with the Rules and Regulations of the Institution. Following the 2 days lessons, in a 1:1 session, Stephanie was made aware of the facility to apply for Learner Support, if she felt she had a specific requirement. She produced her psychological report, stating I had come to class armed with it on the first day, but wanted to see if I would fit in with everybody first. To further support her progression through the course, additional support sessions for an hour, twice a week before and / or after class were offered, by myself. Reassurance was given to Stephanie that all strategies and learning experiences would be reflected in her own personal learning style. In addition, Learner Support if approved, would permit an extra 25% additional time to complete all assessments, the support services of a Reader / Scribe would be made available and all papers would be photocopi ed on yellow paper, to assist with reading. Following the meeting an application was submitted to the organisation for Learner Support. Micro Level is hugely important in the awareness to issues, context and sometimes problems that Adult learners experience, to develop learners skills and confidence in their learning with the necessary practices and strategies. Concurrent with Social Justice Ireland, our social role responsibility, as practitioners, leads to the identification of problems and impediments for progression and inclusion, to change and ensure a better, inclusive, nondiscriminatory society for all. Working to build a just society where human rights are respected, human dignity is protected, human development is facilitated and the environment is respected and protected. (Social Justice Ireland, 2009-2016) Meso Level is the organisations approaches to ameliorate policies and practices to support and promote inclusion, by facilitating the necessary support apparatuses. It could be argued, the solution to constructed failure, at Meso Level in Stephanies case at 2nd Level, focussed more on medical treatments, psychological assessments and monetary gain, instead of focussing on the educational solutions and the necessary support apparatuses. Thus, identifying the other so called efforts of supported others as self-centred. Concurring with Fiona OConnor suggestions, there is a severe lack of professional training given to practitioners to manage diversity within classrooms. Furthermore, at Meso Level is it more ubiquitous. Many employees at this level have never experienced the importance of emotions and emotional work within classrooms, as their roles and responsibilities are often administrative. (Number Crunching). In line with current paradigms to social inclusivity there is an institutional racism still in existence. At Macro Level, the lack of an interview for Stephanie prior to the course commencement, highlighted the failure to identify the necessary prerequisites, willingness to learn, commitment to complete such a long course or that she had an intellectual disability and cognitive condition such as Dyslexia, further demonstrates their lack of concern they do not want to be bothered. Practitioners organise the necessary applications, follow up paper work and hiring of Reader / Scribe personne l for a learner who has been approved for Learner Support. All of which is additional duties outside of class time. The organisations approach to addressing fostering and inclusion of inequality and diversity by practices could be questionable. Are they adopting a bums on seats view? Should practitioners be pre advised of the physical, mental and intellectual disabilities of learners in advance of course commencement? Macro Level is the wider structure context of class, gender and race. Legislative and policy frameworks are regularly being reproduced in the roll out of new revised Strategic Plans, underpinning education, equality and promotion of social inclusion in societal change. However, prior to commencement of the course, Stephanie contacted The Department of Social Protection (DSP) to clarify why she had a place on a course, as she had not applied for one. The information received, informed her she was from a marginalised group, on a Long Term Unemployed Register, therefore it was compulsory to complete a course. This was further outlined in written format, and stated that her failure to attend the course could result in deductions from her Social Welfare Payment. DSP enforcement, can be argued as having a negative impact on learners readiness to learn and a barrier to motivate individuals to partake in learning and progression to Adult and Further Education. Disability Acts, Equality Acts and legislative Strategic Plans provide opportunities to collaborate together and ensure that all of our citizens are entitled to lifelong learning (LLL) advocating the central pillar of the European Union (EU) strategy, to create a dynamic and competitive knowledge- based society and economy (NUI Galway, 2011). Is this at a cost to the individual? Where is the freedom of choice? The educational systems in place are clearly strongly integrated into the society. However, in my opinion, it is impossible to expect equality in education in short of progression and advancement towards equality in the social, economic, cultural and political systems. With this in mind, changing education is the catalyst to those revolutions in changing cultural values and opinions. As previously identified, Marxism removed the focus away from struggling individuals and onto group struggling. It is my belief, fairness and equality for all has still not been achieved and is an ever evolving work in progress, ratifying the only way to effect real change is to do so collectively. References Anon., 2016. Education.ie. [Online] Available at: http://www.education.ie/en/Press-Events/Press-Releases/2016-Press-Releases/PR16-11-21.html[Accessed 22 November 2016]. Anon., 2016. Step It Up:Ireland vows gender equality a foreign policy in the push for the Sustainable Development Goal | UN Women. [Online] Available at: http://www.unwomen.org/en/get-involved/step-it-up/commitments/ireland[Accessed 12 December 2016]. Anon., 2016. www.leargas.ie. [Online] Available at: http://www.leargas.ie/resources/[Accessed 2 December 2016]. Camilleri , M. A. Camilleri, A., 2015. Education and social cohesion for economic growth. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 19(5), pp. 617-631. Cullen Owens, R., 2005. A Social History of Women in Ireland, 1870-1970 An Exploration of the Changing Role and Status of Women in Irish Society. Dublin: Gill Macmillan. Electronic Platform for Adult Learning in Europe, 2016. epale.ie. [Online] Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/epale/en/themes/social-inclusion[Accessed 18 November 2016]. European Commission, 2016. The EU and Irish Women. [Online] Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/ireland/node/684_en#education[Accessed 12 December 2016]. Filloux, J.-C., 1993. EMILE DURKHEIM (1858-1917). UNESCO: International Bureau of Education, 23(1/2), pp. 303-320. Hearne, L. et al., 2010. The Adult Learner 2010 The Irish Journal of Adul and Community Education. Dublin: AONTAS. McIntosh, P., 2016. White Privilege:Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack. Waterford : s.n. NUI Galway, 2011. Lifelong Learning: Contemporary Policy and Practice. Galway: National University of Ireland. OCarroll, E., 2012. Preparing for Training Delivery. In: Train the Trainer. Dublin: Gill Macmillan, pp. 50-67. OConnor, F., 2010. Institutional racism in Irish adult education: fact or fiction?. In: The Adult Learner 2010 The Irish Journal of Adult and Community Education. Dublin : AONTAS, pp. 29-52. Office for the Promotion of Migrant Integration, 2011. Integration.ie. [Online] Available at: http://www.integration.ie/website/omi/omiwebv6.nsf/page/index-en[Accessed 11 November 2016]. OGrady, M., 2015. How Societies Change, Waterford: Dr Maeve OGrady Moodle WIT. OGrady, M., 2016. Education, Equality Social Inclusion, Waterford: Dr Maeve OGrady Moodle WIT. OGrady, M., 2016. The Other in Adult Education, Waterford: Dr Maeve OGrady Moodle WIT. Osler, A., 2015. The stories we tell: exploring narrative in education for justice and equality in multicultural contexts. Multicultural Education Review, 7(1-2), pp. 12-25. Social Justice Ireland, 2009-2016. Social Justice Ireland. [Online] Available at: http://www.socialjustice.ie/content/policy-issues/presentations-oireachtas-committees[Accessed 12 December 2016]. Waterford Area Partnership, 2016. Waterford Area Partnership. [Online] Available at: http://waterfordlife.ie/supporting-communities/social-inclusion/sicap/[Accessed 23 February 2016].

Essay --

Alex opened his eyes to the taste of dust and blood. His head was on the floor. He tried to lift it, but to no avail. A small groan escaped his lips, followed by a fit of coughing. What happened? The scene before him was something out of a Michael Bay movie. Grey concrete, rebar, settling dust, unconscious bodies. Unconscious, or maybe dead. What happened? He tried to move his leg, with the effectiveness of putting out a fire with gasoline. It was crushed by several tonnes of concrete and twisted metal. What happened? He finally found the strength to raise his head a fraction of an inch from the concrete. Caroline. He desparately searched the carnage around him until his eyes locked on a face. His wife. Dammit, what the hell happened? He tried to lift his head further, but only succeeded in inducing a coughing fit, forcing him to relinquish the small amount of progress he had made. Suddenly, a weak, sickly sounding voice pierced the unnatual stillness that had enveloped the space since he awoke. â€Å"Hey.† Her lips were powder white, and the voice was barely above a whisper, but she was alive. He managed a weak smile before moving his own lips. â€Å"Hey.† His eyes traced a line from her face, down her body, only to see a foot of rebar protruding from her ribcage. His smile wavered, but he forced himself to keep a smile plastered on his own powder-caked face. Later. Later I’ll tell her. â€Å"How are you doing love?† â€Å"A little sore.† She managed a weak trace of a smile, that quickly turned into a grimace. Her labored breathing caused the rebar to sway back and forth, like a macabre tree in an invisible breeze. The effort of talking obviously exhausted her. He once again started examining the surrounding wreckage, giving her a little ti... ...bye to the love of his life. He gripped the steering wheel, and put the car in reverse, swinging out of the parking spot, and onto the open road, Caroline’s last words echoing in his head. â€Å"’Til Death do us part.† The words echoed all the way home, and followed him into the house. His every thought was occupied by her. The more he thought, the more he realized it felt like she was actually there. He closed his eyes, and opened them, disappointed to find that it wasn’t actually true. Despite this, he smiled and laid back, his head propped up, the way he used to do when she laid on top of him, often falling asleep on a summer afternoon, and only waking up to go to bed. He still couldn’t shake the feeling that made her seem absolutely tangible to him, despite the absense of her presense. He finally said, to nobody in particular, â€Å"Darling, you’ll never be dead to me.†

The Effects of Global Warming on Wetlands :: Geology

The Effects of Global Warming on Wetlands Introduction Wetlands are highly productive ecosystems. Wetlands include marshes, estuaries, bogs, fens, swamps, deltas, shallow seas, and floodplains. Wetland habitats support a vast range of plant and animal life, and serve a variety of important functions, which include water regime regulation, flood control, erosion control, nursery areas for fishes, fish production, recreation, plant production, aesthetic enjoyment, and wildlife habitat. Wetlands account for about 6% of the global land area and are among the most valuable environmental resources. The Problem The potential impacts of climate change on wetlands are of great concern. Increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released by human activities are generally expected to warm the Earth a few degrees (C) in the next century by a mechanism known as the "greenhouse effect." Such warming could raise sea level by expanding ocean water, melting mountain glaciers, and eventually causing polar ice sheets to side into the oceans. Among the coastal areas of greatest risk in the United States are those low-lying coastal habitats that are easily eroded and which occur along the northern Gulf of Mexico and southern Atlantic coasts of the U.S. These coastal wetlands are especially vulnerable to direct, large-scale impacts of climate change, primarily because of their sensitivity to sea-level rise. Observational records indicate that sea level has already risen between 10 and 25 cm globally over the past 100 years. In addition, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has projected a sea-level rise of 15-95 cm as a consequence of global warming. Sea-level rise will also increase the depth of coastal waters and increase inland and upstream salinity intrusion, both of which affect fresh and brackish water wetlands. Sea-level rise has the potential for increasing the severity of storm surges, particularly in areas where coastal habitats and barrier shorelines are rapidly deteriorating. These direct consequences of global- and regional-scale changes will increase the vulnerability of coastal wetlands which are already heavily impacted by human activities. Analysis of sites in five coastal states indicate that many marshes and mangrove ecosystems receive adequate mineral sediments to produce enough organic sediment and root material to remain above sea level at the present rate of sea-level rise (1-2 mm per year globally). However, three of the twelve wetlands studied were not keeping pace with the current rate of sea-level rise. If sea-level rise accelerates, some additional sites would also begin to slowly deteriorate and submerge. The Effects of Global Warming on Wetlands :: Geology The Effects of Global Warming on Wetlands Introduction Wetlands are highly productive ecosystems. Wetlands include marshes, estuaries, bogs, fens, swamps, deltas, shallow seas, and floodplains. Wetland habitats support a vast range of plant and animal life, and serve a variety of important functions, which include water regime regulation, flood control, erosion control, nursery areas for fishes, fish production, recreation, plant production, aesthetic enjoyment, and wildlife habitat. Wetlands account for about 6% of the global land area and are among the most valuable environmental resources. The Problem The potential impacts of climate change on wetlands are of great concern. Increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released by human activities are generally expected to warm the Earth a few degrees (C) in the next century by a mechanism known as the "greenhouse effect." Such warming could raise sea level by expanding ocean water, melting mountain glaciers, and eventually causing polar ice sheets to side into the oceans. Among the coastal areas of greatest risk in the United States are those low-lying coastal habitats that are easily eroded and which occur along the northern Gulf of Mexico and southern Atlantic coasts of the U.S. These coastal wetlands are especially vulnerable to direct, large-scale impacts of climate change, primarily because of their sensitivity to sea-level rise. Observational records indicate that sea level has already risen between 10 and 25 cm globally over the past 100 years. In addition, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has projected a sea-level rise of 15-95 cm as a consequence of global warming. Sea-level rise will also increase the depth of coastal waters and increase inland and upstream salinity intrusion, both of which affect fresh and brackish water wetlands. Sea-level rise has the potential for increasing the severity of storm surges, particularly in areas where coastal habitats and barrier shorelines are rapidly deteriorating. These direct consequences of global- and regional-scale changes will increase the vulnerability of coastal wetlands which are already heavily impacted by human activities. Analysis of sites in five coastal states indicate that many marshes and mangrove ecosystems receive adequate mineral sediments to produce enough organic sediment and root material to remain above sea level at the present rate of sea-level rise (1-2 mm per year globally). However, three of the twelve wetlands studied were not keeping pace with the current rate of sea-level rise. If sea-level rise accelerates, some additional sites would also begin to slowly deteriorate and submerge.

Fiber Optics :: essays research papers fc

Fiber Optics Fiber Optic Cable Facts "A relatively new technology with vast potential importance, fiber optics is the channeled transmission of light through hair-thin glass fibers." [ Less expensive than copper cables [ Raw material is silica sand [ Less expensive to maintain If damaged, restoration time is faster (although more users are affected) [ Backbone to the Information Superhighway Information (data and voice) is transmitted through the fiber digitally by the use of high speed LASERs (Light Amplification through the Simulated Emission of Radiation) or LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes). Each of these methods create a highly focused beam of light that is cycled on and off at very high speeds. Computers at the transmitting end convert data or voice into "bits" of information. The information is then sent through the fiber by the presence, or lack, of light. Computers on the receiving end convert the light back into data or voice, so it can be used. ORIGIN OF FIBER OPTICS Information (data and voice) is transmitted through the fiber digitally by the use of high speed LASERs (Light Amplification through the Simulated Emission of Radiation) or LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes). Each of these methods create a highly focused beam of light that is cycled on and off at very high speeds. Computers at the transmitting end convert data or voice into "bits" of information. The information is then sent through the fiber by the presence, or lack, of light. So, all of the data is sent light pulses. Computers on the receiving end convert the light back into data or voice, so it can be used. All of this seems to be a very "modern" concept, and the technology we use is. The concept though, was the idea of Alexander Graham Bell in the late 1800's. He just didn't have a dependable light source... some days the sun doesn't shine! He thought of the idea that our voices could be transmitted by pulses of light. The people who thought that audio, video, and other forms of data could be transmitted by light through cables, were present day scientists. Most of the things that are possible today, Alexander Grahm Bell could never even have dreamed of. Although the possibility of lightwave communications occurred to Alexander Graham Bell (who invented the telephone), his ideas couldn't be used until the LASER or LED had been invented. Most of these advances occurred in the 1970s, and by 1977 glass-purifying and other fiber-optic manufacturing techniques had also reached the stage where interoffice lightwave communications were possible. With further technological development, many intercity routes were in operation by 1985, and some transoceanic routes had been completed by 1990.

Free Post Secondary Education in Canada Essay

â€Å"Our young people see a mountain of debt due to the cost of books, room and board, and tuition. Thirty percent of our young people choose not to finish high school. † This is what Raj Sherman, an Alberta Liberals leader stated recently in an article of the Calgary Sun while tackling the issue of â€Å"Free Post-Secondary Education†. Everybody wants to be educated for free after high school, and many countries offer it, so why not Canada? It is possible to have free post-secondary education in Canada; it would fit like a glove in our system. I will explain how and why it should be done, and what limitations will be set in order to make the system work. My reasons are; one, Canada will get more out of what they put in, two, Canada has an aging population and a newer younger workforce is required, and three, Canada needs to be a nation that makes education top priority for the future growth of our country. Firstly, free post-secondary education should be offered because as a country Canada will get more out of what it puts in. You may ask; how will free post-secondary education be possible in a country where so many perks are given to the citizens, but fear not as I have the answer to that. There is a â€Å"Fair Tax† system that the leaders in Alberta are trying to impose on the province where by 2025 there would be free post-secondary education. â€Å"It will start off by slashing tuition by $250 for each student, and start to invest a portion of resource revenues in trust funds for post-secondary education through a â€Å"Fair Tax†Ã¢â‚¬  (Maimann 1). The â€Å"Fair Tax† system is basically a trust fund for post-secondary education, where the Albertans with incomes greater than $100,000 per year, and big companies pay more in provincial taxes which will be put into a fund that’s put towards making post-secondary education free. This â€Å"Fair Tax† system is similar to that of Norway’s which has had a huge success with offering free education. Norway began it in 1996, and has grown it to $550 million dollars in the time span of 16 years. If this â€Å"Fair Tax† system is implemented into all of Canada and not just Alberta we can see more results than Norway in a much shorter time. Canada has a lot of different industries from forestry, to mining, to oil production, even fishing, and all these resources could help Canada in its mission to offer free education to the students in Canada. Furthermore by giving free post-secondary education Canada will not limit hundreds of thousands of students from reaching their complete potential. Many students might have the intelligence to go far, but not have the flexibility financially to assist them there, in which not only is the student affected, but Canada is missing out as well on some of the best candidates for future jobs. Canada can get the best of the best for those jobs by offering free post-secondary education, but not for everyone. This is where limits come in, and Canada gives the free education only to those who meet the specific requirements grades wise for each program. That way money isn’t wasted on people who won’t commit to the programs, or won’t be able to complete those programs. Canada will become for economically stable as the workforce will have very highly skilled and educated workers, and no talent is missed out on so as a country we’ll be basically hitting two birds with one stone. This is one reason why Canada should offer free post-secondary education. Secondly, free post-secondary education should be offered because Canada has an aging population and a newer younger workforce is required. Canada’s most recent baby boom was during the years 1940-1965. The babies from then are now all slowly going into retirement as the youngest are in their late 40’s. All of these employees will soon go into retirement and a whole new workforce consisting of younger individuals is needed, and having a free post-secondary education system will allow Canada to have that new workforce made of the best possible candidates for each duty. This free educational system for those students that can show required marks from high school for the course they want will give Canada a limitless amount of fresh talent for its own use. If this â€Å"free post-secondary education† system cannot be instilled in the coming years, it’d still be of great use for the students in high school right now; as they would most likely have a family to support by the year 2025 which Calgary projects to be the year post-secondary education is completely free in Alberta. That way they won’t have to worry about bringing kids into the world and not being able to support them later on because their education will be free all their kids have to do is work hard and earn their grades. Recently the mayor of Saint John’s stated in an article by CBC News; â€Å"When I taught high school three years ago, most people were saying they weren’t going to have children because they couldn’t afford to educate them. † This shows that a lot of students nowadays are planning on not having children as they won’t be able to afford to educate them, therefore letting them down as parents. So to stop the future suffering of in debt children they decide to just not have kids at all. Stats Can statistics reveal that the population of Saint John’s fell by 0. 2% between 2001 to 2006. In this same article the following is stated, â€Å"The mayor of Saint John is urging the provincial government to offer free tuition as a way to spur on a baby boom after the latest demographic portrait of the southern city shows it is not growing very quickly (â€Å"CBC News† 1) If this were to be true Canada could have another baby boom similar to the one in the mid 1900’s, and it’ll be because of free post-secondary education, these new babies are the future of our country, and supplying them with the best possible education we will be bettering our future work force. Canada should stop acting like blind bats and take the free post-secondary education into consideration because the demographics of Canada could be impacted in a very positive way if free education was offered. This is yet another reason why Canada should offer free post-secondary education. Lastly, free post-secondary education should be offered because Canada has to be a nation that gives education the uppermost priority to improve the future development of our country. By giving education the superiority over anything else in the country we will have a positive chain effect on our country. By giving it the top priority we will be enhancing our workforce and adding the best workers possible for each job, not only that, but with a really blooming, and bright workforce our economy will be able to grow and compete with larger countries with a lot more capital than us. This will improve our country and give it an even higher position on the map, by moving up from being just a â€Å"Middle-Power Country†. This free post-secondary education doesn’t only have a positive chain effect on our economy, but it also has a good effect on bettering the citizens of Canada because by having more highly educated people, they’re more likely to vote, and can make more informed decisions in life making them better citizens for our country. The citizens of Canada will also be better off in life with this free post-secondary education and will not have to depend on the government as a high percentage of people already do. Also giving people a free post-secondary education will result in a lot more social progress, and all progress depends on knowledge, which they will be obtaining through the free post-secondary education programs. Making education top priority is a good reason why Canada should offer free post-secondary education. Now you may argue about the fact that even if you do pay this new amount of tax, what difference would it make if the students don’t take it seriously since it’s free education. Well to counter that, there will be limitations set on the free education given. If you meet the grade requirements for the certain course you want to take then you will be able to enroll into it and only if you’re a top candidate will you be given an opportunity at that course with free post-secondary education. If not, then another program that suites your educational needs will be given to you for free, through this the best of the best will be chosen and given opportunities in each type of job, whether it be a spot in Med or Law school, University, or College, if you meet the specified requirements you will be accepted and given the free education. Not only that but the tax payers themselves will most likely have a family of their own, in which it consists of someone related to you having to go get a post-secondary education, and instead of paying for the tuition, dorms, and books you just have an increase in taxes. Now who wouldn’t want a free education? A lot of issues can be tackled with a free post-secondary education in tact in our system, which is why Canada should offer free post-secondary education. In conclusion, many arguments could be made against the â€Å"Free† post-secondary education policy if passed by Canada, but all of those arguments would be overshadowed by the â€Å"For† arguments for this specific topic. A free post-secondary education will have a much better effect on Canada in all aspects not just economically but for the citizens themselves. Tackling many issues and bringing Canada back on top of the â€Å"Best Places To Live† list where we once were, but are now overtaken by many countries, which include Norway, Sweden, and Denmark in the top 5, all countries that offer â€Å"Free† post-secondary education. The world is like a stage, each country must shine and out do the other country to be recognized the best country on Earth. By thinking all the facts over, it would in fact be more effective for Canada to offer free post-secondary education in order to arvest more complete workers into our workforce, and bettering our country economically. Opportunity knocks on Canada’s door; to turn it into an even better country than it already is, now it’s up to us to take complete advantage of something like this. To conclude, Canada would be a much better country in all aspects if free education was implemented into our system, it would take a wise fool not to add such a perk. For all facts and proof stated Canada should offer free post-secondary education.